Disregard of legal entity
DOI:
10.16928/2316-8080.v13n2p.222-251Keywords:
Disregard of legal personality Legal personality Commercial companies Liability of partnersAbstract
The study analyses the disregard of the legal personality of commercial companies on the basis of Portuguese legal doctrine and foreign literature, with reference to article 5 of the Portuguese Commercial Companies Code. It reviews the concepts that precede the subject — legal personality and the acquisition of collective personality — and sets out the doctrinal constructions that seek to justify disregard, the negative theories, the general framework of the cases of imputation and liability, and the treatment of the figure in Portuguese law. The text holds that the legal personality of commercial companies was conceived in order to encourage private entrepreneurial initiative through the separation between the company's assets and the partners' personal assets, and it addresses the problems of the institute: the lack of theoretical and doctrinal consistency and of current application in case law, the uncertainty as to who is reached by disregard and as to the appropriate procedural route, and the sufficiency of the rules of civil and company law on abuse of rights and liability. It concludes that the problem lies not in the company's legal personality but in the assets it owns and in the human conduct that makes use of it.
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